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Dr. Maureen Condic, Associate Professor of Neurobiology at the University of Utah School of Medicine, discusses (1) how science demonstrates that human life begins at conception, and (2) how recent scientific advances indicate that preborn children may exhibit consciousness, and experience pain, earlier than previously thought.

Podcast resources:
1. Maureen L. Condic, Untangling Twinning: What Science Tells Us About the Nature of Human Embryos, Notre Dame Press, 2020.
2. Brief of Maureen L. Condic and the Charlotte Lozier Institute as Amici Curiae Supporting Petitioners, 2021.
3. Maureen Condic, The Suffering of the Unborn (this is an abridged version of Dr. Condic’s amicus brief).
4. Maureen Condic, A Scientific View Of When Life Begins, Charlotte Lozier Institute, 2014.
5. University of New South Wales, Embryology website.
6. Charlotte Lozier Institute tweet How It Started/How It's Going demonstrating the difference between 1965 ultrasound and modern 4D ultrasound.
7. Studies on fetal pain cited by Dr. Condic:

•   Bernardes LS, et.al. (2021). Sorting pain out of salience: assessment of pain facial expressions in the human fetus. Pain Rep. 6(1):e882;  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33537520/

•   Bernardes LS, et.al. (2021). Acute pain facial expressions in 23-week fetus. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. (Online ahead of print). doi: 10.1002/uog.23709.  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34129710/

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